This lecture examines Aristotle’s distinction between three types of people: the virtuous person who naturally loves what is good, the self-controlled person who knows what is good but struggles against contrary desires, and the person lacking self-control who acts against their better judgment. The key insight is that both the completely righteous and completely wicked are at peace with themselves, while the intermediate person is perpetually at war internally—and this has profound implications for friendship, marriage, and ethical development. True moral progress comes not from valorizing self-overcoming and internal conflict, but from gradually training oneself to genuinely love the right things through habituation and practice.